By such an arrangement, which would scarcely interfere seriously with our other examinations, we should, I think, be enabled effectually to keep pace with the wants of society, and retaining fully our power and our right to direct the studies of those who are intended for the church, as well as of those who aspire to the various offices connected with our academical institutions; we should, at the same time, open a field of honourable ambition to multitudes, who, from the exclusive nature of our present studies, leave us with but a very limited addition to their stock of knowledge Much more might be said on a subject so important to the interests of the country, as well as of our university, but my wish is merely to open it for our own consideration and discussion We have already done so much for the improvement of our system of instruction, that public opinion will not reproach us for any unwillingness to alter It is our first duty to be well satisfied that we can improve: such alterations ought only to be the result of a most mature consideration, and of a free interchange of sentiments on the subject, in order that we may condense upon the question the accumulated judgment of many minds It is in some measure to be attributed to the defects of our system of education, that scientific knowledge scarcely exists amongst the higher classes of society The discussions in the Houses of Lords or of Commons, which arise on the occurrence of any subjects connected with science, sufficiently prove this fact, which, if I had consulted the extremely limited nature of my personal experience, I should, perhaps, have doubted CHAPTER II OF THE INDUCEMENTS TO INDIVIDUALS TO CULTIVATE SCIENCE Interest or inclination form the primary and ruling motives in this matter: and both these exert greater or less proportionate influence in each of the respective cases to be examined PROFESSIONAL IMPULSES A large portion of those who are impelled by ambition or necessity to advance themselves in the world, make choice of some profession in which they imagine their talents likely to be rewarded with success; and there are peculiar advantages resulting to each from this classification of society into professions The ESPRIT DE CORPS frequently overpowers the jealousy which exists between individuals, and pushes on to advantageous situations some of the more fortunate of the profession; whilst, on the other hand, any injury or insult offered to the weakest, is redressed or resented by the whole body There are other advantages which are perhaps of more importance to the publicThe numbers which compose the learned professions in England are so considerable, that a kind of public opinion is generated amongst them, which powerfully tends to repress conduct that is injurious either to the profession or to the public Again, the mutual jealousy and rivalry excited amongst the whole body is so considerable, that although the rank and estimation which an individual holds in the profession may be most unfairly appreciated, by taking the opinion of his rival; yet few estimations will be found generally more correct than the opinion of a whole profession on the merits of any one of its body This test is of great value to the public, and becomes the more so, in proportion to the difficulty of the study to which the profession is devoted It is by availing themselves of it that men of sense and judgment, who have occasion for the services of professional persons, are, in a great measure, guided in their choice The pursuit of science does not, in England, constitute a distinct profession, as it does in many other countries It is therefore, on that ground alone, deprived of many of the advantages which attach to professions One of its greatest misfortunes arises from this circumstance; for the subjects on which it is conversant are so difficult, and require such unremitted devotion of time, that few who have not spent years in their study can judge of the relative knowledge of those who pursue them It follows, therefore, that the public, and even that men of sound sense and discernment, can scarcely find means to distinguish between the possessors of knowledge, in the present day, merely elementary, and those whose acquirements are of the highest order This remark applies with peculiar force to all the more difficult applications of mathematics; and the fact is calculated to check the energies of those who only look to reputation in England As there exists with us no peculiar class professedly devoted to science, it frequently happens that when a situation, requiring for the proper fulfilment of its duties considerable scientific attainments, is vacant, it becomes necessary to select from among amateurs, or rather from among persons whose chief attention has been bestowed on other subjects, and to whom science has been only an occasional pursuit A certain quantity of scientific knowledge is of course possessed by individuals in many professions; and when added to the professional acquirements of the army, the navy, or to the knowledge of the merchant, is highly meritorious: but it is obvious that this may become, when separated from the profession, quite insignificant as the basis of a scientific reputation To those who have chosen the profession of medicine, a knowledge of chemistry, and of some branches of natural history, and, indeed, of several other departments of science, affords useful assistance Some of the most valuable names which adorn the history of English science have been connected with this profession The causes which induce the selection of the clerical profession are not often connected with science; and it is, perhaps, a question of considerable doubt whether it is desirable to hold out to its members hopes of advancement from such acquirements As a source of recreation, nothing can be more fit to occupy the attention of a divine; and our church may boast, in the present as in past times, that the domain of science has been extended by some of its brightest ornaments In England, the profession of the law is that which seems to hold out the strongest attraction to talent, from the circumstance, that in it ability, coupled with exertion, even though unaided by patronage, cannot fail of obtaining reward It is frequently chosen as an introduction to public life It also presents great advantages, from its being a qualification for many situations more or less remotely connected with it, as well as from the circumstance that several of the highest officers of the state must necessarily have sprung from its ranks A powerful attraction exists, therefore, to the promotion of a study and of duties of all others engrossing the time most completely, and which is less benefited than most others by any acquaintance with science This is one amongst the causes why it so very rarely happens that men in public situations are at all conversant even with the commonest branches of scientific knowledge, and why scarcely an instance can be cited of such persons acquiring a reputation by any discoveries of their own But, however consistent other sciences may be with professional avocations, there is one which, from its extreme difficulty, and the overwhelming attention which it demands, can only be pursued with success by those whose leisure is undisturbed by other claims To be well acquainted with the present state of mathematics, is no easy task; but to add to the powers which that science possesses, is likely to be the lot of but few English philosophers OF NATIONAL ENCOURAGEMENT The little encouragement which at all previous periods has been afforded by the English Government to the authors of useful discoveries, or of new and valuable inventions, is justified on the following grounds: 1 The public, who consume the new commodity or profit by the new invention, are much better judges of its merit than the government can be The reward which arises from the sale of the commodity is usually much larger than that which government would be justified in bestowing; and it is exactly proportioned to the consumption, that is, to the want which the public feel for the new article It must be admitted that, as general principles, these are correct: there are, however, exceptions which flow necessarily from the very reasoning from which they were shop deduced

Why does he let things be so?? ?O, George, we must have faithMistress says that when all things go wrong to us, we must believe that God is doing the very best ?That?s easy to say for people that are sitting on their sofas and riding in their carriages; but let ?em be where I am, I guess it would come some harderI wish I could be good; but my heart burns, and can?t be reconciled, anyhowYou couldn?t in my place,?you can?t now, if I tell you all I?ve got to sayYou don?t know the whole yet ?What can be coming now?? ?Well, lately Mas?r has been saying that he was a fool to let me marry off the place; that he hates MrShelby and all his tribe, because they are proud, and hold their heads up above him, and that I?ve got proud notions from you; and he says he won?t let me come here any more, and that I shall take a wife and settle down on his placeAt first he only scolded and grumbled these things; but yesterday he told me that I should take Mina for a wife, and settle down in a cabin with her, or he would sell me down river ?Why?but you were married to me, by the minister, as much as if you?d been a white man!? said Eliza, simply ?Don?t you know a slave can?t be married? There is no law in this country for that; I can?t hold you for my wife, if he chooses to part usThat?s why I wish I?d never seen you,?why I wish I?d never been born; it would have been better for us both,?it would have been better for this poor child if he had never been bornAll this may happen to him yet!? ?O, but master is so kind!? ?Yes, but who knows??he may die?and then he may be sold to nobody knows whoWhat pleasure is it that he is handsome, and smart, and bright? I tell you, Eliza, that a sword will pierce through your soul for every good and pleasant thing your child is or has; it will make him worth too much for you to keep The words smote heavily on Eliza?s heart; the vision of the trader came before her eyes, and, as if some one had struck her a deadly blow, she turned pale and gasped for breathShe looked nervously out on the verandah, where the boy, tired of the grave conversation, had retired, and where he was riding triumphantly up and down on MrShelby?s walking-stickShe would have spoken to tell her husband her fears, but checked herself ?No, no,?he has enough to bear, poor fellow!? she thought?No, I won?t tell him; besides, it an?t true; Missis never deceives us ?So, Eliza, my girl,? said the husband, mournfully, ?bear up, now; and good-by, for I?m going ?Going, George! Going where?? ?To Canada,? said he, straightening himself up; and when I?m there, I?ll buy you; that?s all the hope that?s left usYou have a kind master, that won?t refuse to sell youI?ll buy you and the boy;?God helping me, I will!? ?O, dreadful! if you should be taken?? ?I won?t be taken, Eliza; I?ll die first! I?ll be free, or I?ll die!? ?You won?t kill yourself!? ?No need of thatThey will kill me, fast enough; they never will get me down the river alive!? ?O, George, for my sake, do be careful! Don?t do anything wicked; don?t lay hands on yourself, or anybody else! You are tempted too much?too much; but don?t?go you must?but go carefully, prudently; pray God to help you ?Well, then, Eliza, hear my planMas?r took it into his head to send me right by here, with a note to MrSymmes, that lives a mile pastI believe he expected I should come here to tell you what I haveIt would please him, if he thought it would aggravate ?Shelby?s folks,? as he calls ?emI?m going home quite resigned, you understand, as if all was overI?ve got some preparations made,?and there are those that will help me; and, in the course of a week or so, I shall be among the missing, some dayPray for me, Eliza; perhaps the good Lord will hear you ?O, pray yourself, George, and go trusting in him; then you won?t do anything wicked ?Well, now, good-by,? said George, holding Eliza?s hands, and gazing into her eyes, without movingThey stood silent; then there were last words, and sobs, and bitter weeping,?such parting as those may make whose hope to meet again is as the spider?s web,?and the husband and wife were parted Chapter 4 An Evening in Uncle Tom?s Cabin The cabin of Uncle Tom was a small log building, close adjoining to ?the house,? as the negro par excellence designates his master?s dwellingIn front it had a neat garden-patch, where, every summer, strawberries, raspberries, and a variety of fruits and vegetables, flourished under careful tendingThe whole front of it was covered by a large scarlet bignonia and a native multiflora rose, which, entwisting and interlacing, left scarce a vestige of the rough logs to be seenHere, also, in summer, various brilliant annuals, such as marigolds, petunias, four-o?clocks, found an indulgent corner in which to unfold their splendors, and were the delight and pride of Aunt Chloe?s shop heart

Lord Godalming's brows contracted, and he stood up and walked about the roomBy-and-by he stopped and said, turning from one to another of us, "Quincey's head is levelThis burglary business is getting seriousWe got off once all right, but we have now a rare job on handUnless we can find the Count's key basket As nothing could well be done before morning, and as it would be at least advisable to wait till Lord Godalming should hear from Mitchell's, we decided not to take any active step before breakfast timeFor a good while we sat and smoked, discussing the matter in its various lights and bearingsI took the opportunity of bringing this diary right up to the momentI am very sleepy and shall go to bed? Just a lineMina sleeps soundly and her breathing is regularHer forehead is puckered up into little wrinkles, as though she thinks even in her sleepShe is still too pale, but does not look so haggard as she did this morningTomorrow will, I hope, mend all thisShe will be herself at home in ExeterOh, but I am sleepy! DRSEWARD'S DIARY 1 October-I am puzzled afresh about RenfieldHis moods change so rapidly that I find it difficult to keep touch of them, and as they always mean something more than his own well-being, they form a more than interesting studyThis morning, when I went to see him after his repulse of Van Helsing, his manner was that of a man commanding destinyHe was, in fact, commanding destiny, subjectivelyHe did not really care for any of the things of mere earth, he was in the clouds and looked down on all the weaknesses and wants of us poor mortals I thought I would improve the occasion and learn something, so I asked him, "What about the flies these times?" He smiled on me in quite a superior sort of way, such a smile as would have become the face of Malvolio, as he answered me, "The fly, my dear sir, has one striking featureIt's wings are typical of the aerial powers of the psychic facultiesThe ancients did well when they typified the soul as a butterfly!" I thought I would push his analogy to its utmost logically, so I said quickly, "Oh, it is a soul you are after now, is it?" His madness foiled his reason, and a puzzled look spread over his face as, shaking his head with a decision which I had but seldom seen in him He said, "Oh, no, oh no! I want no souls Here he brightened up"I am pretty indifferent about it at presentYou must get a new patient, doctor, if you wish to study zoophagy!" This puzzled me a little, so I drew him on"Then you command lifeYou are a god, I suppose?" He smiled with an ineffably benign superiority"Oh no! Far be it from me to arrogate to myself the attributes of the DeityI am not even concerned in His especially spiritual doingsIf I may state my intellectual position I am, so far as concerns things purely terrestrial, somewhat in the position which Enoch occupied spiritually!" This was a poser to meI could not at the moment recall Enoch's appositeness, so I had to ask a simple question, though I felt that by so doing I was lowering myself in the eyes of the lunatic"And why with Enoch?" "Because he walked with God I could not see the analogy, but did not like to admit it, so I harked back to what he had denied"So you don't care about life and you don't want soulsWhy not?" I put my question quickly and somewhat sternly, on purpose to disconcert him The effort succeeded, for an instant he unconsciously relapsed into his old servile manner, bent low before me, and actually fawned upon me as he replied"I don't want any souls, indeed, indeed! I shop don't

In punctuality, she was as inevitable as a clock, and as inexorable as a railroad engine; and she held in most decided contempt and abomination anything of a contrary character The great sin of sins, in her eyes,?the sum of all evils,?was expressed by one very common and important word in her vocabulary??shiftlessness Her finale and ultimatum of contempt consisted in a very emphatic pronunciation of the word ?shiftless;? and by this she characterized all modes of procedure which had not a direct and inevitable relation to accomplishment of some purpose then definitely had in mindPeople who did nothing, or who did not know exactly what they were going to do, or who did not take the most direct way to accomplish what they set their hands to, were objects of her entire contempt,?a contempt shown less frequently by anything she said, than by a kind of stony grimness, as if she scorned to say anything about the matter As to mental cultivation,?she had a clear, strong, active mind, was well and thoroughly read in history and the older English classics, and thought with great strength within certain narrow limitsHer theological tenets were all made up, labelled in most positive and distinct forms, and put by, like the bundles in her patch trunk; there were just so many of them, and there were never to be any moreSo, also, were her ideas with regard to most matters of practical life,?such as housekeeping in all its branches, and the various political relations of her native villageAnd, underlying all, deeper than anything else, higher and broader, lay the strongest principle of her being?conscientiousnessNowhere is conscience so dominant and all-absorbing as with New England womenIt is the granite formation, which lies deepest, and rises out, even to the tops of the highest mountains Miss Ophelia was the absolute bond-slave of the ?ought Once make her certain that the ?path of duty,? as she commonly phrased it, lay in any given direction, and fire and water could not keep her from itShe would walk straight down into a well, or up to a loaded cannon?s mouth, if she were only quite sure that there the path layHer standard of right was so high, so all-embracing, so minute, and making so few concessions to human frailty, that, though she strove with heroic ardor to reach it, she never actually did so, and of course was burdened with a constant and often harassing sense of deficiency;?this gave a severe and somewhat gloomy cast to her religious character But, how in the world can Miss Ophelia get along with Augustine StClare,?gay, easy, unpunctual, unpractical, sceptical,?in short,?walking with impudent and nonchalant freedom over every one of her most cherished habits and opinions? To tell the truth, then, Miss Ophelia loved himWhen a boy, it had been hers to teach him his catechism, mend his clothes, comb his hair, and bring him up generally in the way he should go; and her heart having a warm side to it, Augustine had, as he usually did with most people, monopolized a large share of it for himself, and therefore it was that he succeeded very easily in persuading her that the ?path of duty? lay in the direction of New Orleans, and that she must go with him to take care of Eva, and keep everything from going to wreck and ruin during the frequent illnesses of his wifeThe idea of a house without anybody to take care of it went to her heart; then she loved the lovely little girl, as few could help doing; and though she regarded Augustine as very much of a heathen, yet she loved him, laughed at his jokes, and forbore with his failings, to an extent which those who knew him thought perfectly incredibleBut what more or other is to be known of Miss Ophelia our reader must discover by a personal acquaintance There she is, sitting now in her state-room, surrounded by a mixed multitude of little and big carpet-bags, boxes, baskets, each containing some separate responsibility which she is tying, binding up, packing, or fastening, with a face of great earnestness ?Now, Eva, have you kept count of your things? Of course you haven?t,?children never do: there?s the spotted carpet-bag and the little blue band-box with your best bonnet,?that?s two; then the India rubber satchel is three; and my tape and needle box is four; and my band-box, five; and my collar-box; and that little hair trunk, sevenWhat have you done with your sunshade? Give it to me, and let me put a paper round it, and tie it to my umbrella with my shade;?there, now ?Why, aunty, we are only going up home;?what is the use?? ?To keep it nice, child; people must take care of their things, if they ever mean to have anything; and now, Eva, is your thimble put up?? ?Really, aunty, I don?t know ?Well, never mind; I?ll look your box over,?thimble, wax, two spools, scissors, knife, tape-needle; all right,?put it in hereWhat did you ever do, child, when you were coming on with only your papaI should have thought you?d a lost everything you had ?Well, aunty, I did lose a great many; and then, when we stopped anywhere, papa would buy some more of whatever it was ?Mercy on us, child,?what a way!? ?It was a very easy way, aunty,? said Eva ?It?s a dreadful shiftless one,? said aunty ?Why, aunty, what?ll you do now?? said Eva; ?that trunk is too full to be shut down ?It must shut down,? said aunty, with the air of a general, as she squeezed the things in, and sprung upon the lid;?still a little gap remained about the mouth of the trunk ?Get up here, Eva!? said Miss Ophelia, courageously; ?what has been done can be done againThis trunk has got to be shut and locked?there are no two ways about it And the trunk, intimidated, doubtless, by this resolute statement, gave inThe hasp snapped sharply in its hole, and Miss Ophelia turned the key, and pocketed it in triumphWhere?s your papa? I think it time this baggage was set outDo look out, Eva, and see if you see your papa ?O, yes, he?s down the other end of the gentlemen?s cabin, eating an orange ?He can?t know how near we are coming,? said aunty; ?hadn?t you better run and speak to him?? ?Papa never is in a hurry about anything,? said Eva, ?and we haven?t come to the landingDo step on the guards, shop aunty

The world seems full of good men, even if there are monsters in it Before I left him I remembered what Jonathan put in his diary of the Professor's perturbation at reading something in an evening paper at the station at Exeter, so, seeing that DrSeward keeps his newspapers, I borrowed the files of 'The Westminster Gazette' and 'The Pall Mall Gazette' and took them to my roomI remember how much the 'Dailygraph' and 'The Whitby Gazette', of which I had made cuttings, had helped us to understand the terrible events at Whitby when Count Dracula landed, so I shall look through the evening papers since then, and perhaps I shall get some new lightI am not sleepy, and the work will help to keep me quietSEWARD'S DIARY 30 SeptemberHarker arrived at nine o'clockHe got his wife's wire just before startingHe is uncommonly clever, if one can judge from his face, and full of energyIf this journal be true, and judging by one's own wonderful experiences, it must be, he is also a man of great nerveThat going down to the vault a second time was a remarkable piece of daringAfter reading his account of it I was prepared to meet a good specimen of manhood, but hardly the quiet, businesslike gentleman who came here today-After lunch Harker and his wife went back to their own room, and as I passed a while ago I heard the click of the typewriterHarker says that they are knitting together in chronological order every scrap of evidence they haveHarker has got the letters between the consignee of the boxes at Whitby and the carriers in London who took charge of themHe is now reading his wife's transcript of my diaryI wonder what they make out of itHere it is? Strange that it never struck me that the very next house might be the Count's hiding place! Goodness knows that we had enough clues from the conduct of the patient Renfield! The bundle of letters relating to the purchase of the house were with the transcriptOh, if we had only had them earlier we might have saved poor Lucy! Stop! That way madness lies! Harker has gone back, and is again collecting materialHe says that by dinner time they will be able to show a whole connected narrativeHe thinks that in the meantime I should see Renfield, as hitherto he has been a sort of index to the coming and going of the CountI hardly see this yet, but when I get at the dates I suppose I shallWhat a good thing that MrsHarker put my cylinders into type! We never could have found the dates otherwise I found Renfield sitting placidly in his room with his hands folded, smiling benignlyAt the moment he seemed as sane as any one I ever sawI sat down and talked with him on a lot of subjects, all of which he treated naturallyHe then, of his own accord, spoke of going home, a subject he has never mentioned to my knowledge during his sojourn hereIn fact, he spoke quite confidently of getting his discharge at onceI believe that, had I not had the chat with Harker and read the letters and the dates of his outbursts, I should have been prepared to sign for him after a brief time of observationAs it is, I am darkly suspiciousAll those out-breaks were in some way linked with the proximity of the CountWhat then does this absolute content mean? Can it be that his instinct is satisfied as to the vampire's ultimate triumph? StayHe is himself zoophagous, and in his wild ravings outside the chapel door of the deserted house he always spoke of 'master'This all seems confirmation of our ideaHowever, after a while I came awayMy friend is just a little too sane at present to make it safe to probe him too deep with questionsHe might begin to think, and then? So I came awayI mistrust these quiet moods of his, so I have given the attendant a hint to look closely after him, and to have a strait waistcoat ready in case of need JOHNATHAN HARKER'S JOURNAL 29 September, in train to shop London